Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a group of genetic disorders characterized by progressive weakening and degeneration of the muscles that control movement. There are several types of muscular dystrophy, each with its own specific symptoms and genetic causes, but they all share a common feature: muscle weakness and wasting over time.

Symptoms:

1. Muscle Weakness: This is the primary symptom of muscular dystrophy. It typically begins in childhood but can manifest at any age depending on the specific type of MD. Initially, it may affect specific muscle groups, like those in the hips, pelvis, thighs, or shoulders, and then spread to other parts of the body over time.
2. Difficulty Walking: Children with muscular dystrophy may have difficulty walking or may start walking later than usual. They may also have a waddling gait or walk on their toes.
3. Progressive Wasting of Muscles: Over time, the muscles become weaker and smaller (atrophy), leading to decreased mobility and loss of function.
4. Muscle Contractures: Some individuals may develop muscle contractures, where certain muscles become permanently shortened, limiting movement.
5. Respiratory Problems: In some forms of muscular dystrophy, weakness in the muscles responsible for breathing can lead to respiratory difficulties, such as shallow breathing or sleep apnea.
6. Heart Problems: Certain types of muscular dystrophy can also affect the muscles of the heart, leading to cardiac complications.